Tools
Know what's in the toolbox
What each tool is, how it's licensed, and when a dev would actually reach for it.
Databases & backends
Relational, document, embedded, and vector stores, plus the backends and ORMs around them.
Supabase
Open sourcePostgres backend-as-a-service
A Postgres backend platform with Auth, Storage, Realtime, Edge Functions, and generated data APIs. Use its managed service or self-host the open-source components; browser data access needs deliberate grants and Row Level Security policies.
PostgreSQL
Open sourceRelational SQL database
A mature, standards-compliant relational database with strong JSON support and a large extension ecosystem, including PostGIS for geospatial data and pgvector for embeddings.
Redis
Open sourceIn-memory key-value store
An in-memory data structure store used as a cache, session store, rate limiter, queue, and pub/sub broker. Responses are typically sub-millisecond because data lives in RAM.
Prisma
Open sourceTypeScript ORM
Define your schema in one file and Prisma generates a fully typed client plus migrations. A renamed column becomes a compile error instead of a runtime failure.
Drizzle
Open sourceTypeScript SQL query builder
A lightweight ORM whose query API mirrors SQL, with schemas written in TypeScript. Small runtime footprint and a good fit for serverless and edge environments.
Qdrant
Open sourceVector search engine
An open-source vector database written in Rust, with payload filtering alongside similarity search. Self-host it or use the managed cloud.
DuckDB
Open sourceEmbedded analytical database
A columnar SQL engine that runs in-process, like SQLite but built for analytics. Queries CSV and Parquet files directly and handles large local datasets quickly.
Better Auth
Open sourceTypeScript auth library
A TypeScript authentication library with email/password, social sign-in, sessions, database adapters, and plugins for organizations, two-factor auth, and passkeys. In database-backed deployments, its auth tables live in the database you configure.
Supabase Auth
Open sourceAuthentication server and Supabase service
Authentication with client SDKs, password and social sign-in, magic links, and JWT sessions. User records live in a Postgres auth schema; tokens integrate with Supabase's Data API and Row Level Security policies.
SQLAlchemy
Open sourcePython SQL toolkit and ORM
Python's standard database toolkit: a Core layer for composing SQL and an ORM for mapping classes to tables. Works with Postgres, MySQL, SQLite, and more, with sync and async APIs.
Alembic
Open sourceDatabase migrations for SQLAlchemy
Versioned schema migrations for SQLAlchemy projects. It can autogenerate a migration by diffing your models against the database, which you then review and commit.
Pydantic
Open sourcePython data validation
Validates and parses data using Python type hints. FastAPI uses it for request and response models; version 2's core is written in Rust for speed.
Yjs
Open sourceCRDT library for shared data
Represents shared documents as CRDTs, so edits from any number of clients merge automatically without conflicts or a central lock. Providers sync it over WebSockets, WebRTC, or IndexedDB for offline use.
Hocuspocus
Open sourceCollaboration server for Yjs
A WebSocket server for Yjs documents from the Tiptap team. Extensions handle authentication, persistence to your database, Redis fan-out across instances, and webhooks.