tools

Tools

Know what's in the toolbox

What each tool is, how it's licensed, and when a dev would actually reach for it.

Databases & backends

Relational, document, embedded, and vector stores, plus the backends and ORMs around them.

Supabase

Open source

Postgres backend-as-a-service

A Postgres backend platform with Auth, Storage, Realtime, Edge Functions, and generated data APIs. Use its managed service or self-host the open-source components; browser data access needs deliberate grants and Row Level Security policies.

Neon

Managed service

Managed Postgres platform

Managed Postgres with autoscaling, scale to zero, connection pooling, and isolated database branches. The platform also offers Managed Better Auth, with auth state stored in Postgres and isolated with each branch.

PostgreSQL

Open source

Relational SQL database

A mature, standards-compliant relational database with strong JSON support and a large extension ecosystem, including PostGIS for geospatial data and pgvector for embeddings.

SQLite

Public domain

Embedded single-file database

A full SQL database that lives in one file inside your application, with no server to run. Reads and writes are local disk operations, which makes it extremely fast for single-process workloads.

Firebase

Managed service

Document backend-as-a-service

Google's app platform: Firestore document database, auth, hosting, cloud functions, analytics, and push messaging. Strong realtime sync and offline support on mobile.

Redis

Open source

In-memory key-value store

An in-memory data structure store used as a cache, session store, rate limiter, queue, and pub/sub broker. Responses are typically sub-millisecond because data lives in RAM.

MongoDB

Source-available

Document database

Stores JSON-like documents with flexible schemas and scales horizontally with sharding. Commonly run through the managed Atlas service.

Prisma

Open source

TypeScript ORM

Define your schema in one file and Prisma generates a fully typed client plus migrations. A renamed column becomes a compile error instead of a runtime failure.

Drizzle

Open source

TypeScript SQL query builder

A lightweight ORM whose query API mirrors SQL, with schemas written in TypeScript. Small runtime footprint and a good fit for serverless and edge environments.

Pinecone

Managed service

Managed vector database

A fully hosted vector database for storing and searching embeddings. No infrastructure to run; you pay for storage and queries.

Qdrant

Open source

Vector search engine

An open-source vector database written in Rust, with payload filtering alongside similarity search. Self-host it or use the managed cloud.

DuckDB

Open source

Embedded analytical database

A columnar SQL engine that runs in-process, like SQLite but built for analytics. Queries CSV and Parquet files directly and handles large local datasets quickly.

Better Auth

Open source

TypeScript auth library

A TypeScript authentication library with email/password, social sign-in, sessions, database adapters, and plugins for organizations, two-factor auth, and passkeys. In database-backed deployments, its auth tables live in the database you configure.

Clerk

Freemium

Managed authentication and user management

A hosted authentication service with client/server SDKs, prebuilt sign-in and account components, and organization membership, roles, and permissions. Your application verifies sessions and enforces access to its own data.

Supabase Auth

Open source

Authentication server and Supabase service

Authentication with client SDKs, password and social sign-in, magic links, and JWT sessions. User records live in a Postgres auth schema; tokens integrate with Supabase's Data API and Row Level Security policies.

SQLAlchemy

Open source

Python SQL toolkit and ORM

Python's standard database toolkit: a Core layer for composing SQL and an ORM for mapping classes to tables. Works with Postgres, MySQL, SQLite, and more, with sync and async APIs.

Alembic

Open source

Database migrations for SQLAlchemy

Versioned schema migrations for SQLAlchemy projects. It can autogenerate a migration by diffing your models against the database, which you then review and commit.

Pydantic

Open source

Python data validation

Validates and parses data using Python type hints. FastAPI uses it for request and response models; version 2's core is written in Rust for speed.

Yjs

Open source

CRDT library for shared data

Represents shared documents as CRDTs, so edits from any number of clients merge automatically without conflicts or a central lock. Providers sync it over WebSockets, WebRTC, or IndexedDB for offline use.

Hocuspocus

Open source

Collaboration server for Yjs

A WebSocket server for Yjs documents from the Tiptap team. Extensions handle authentication, persistence to your database, Redis fan-out across instances, and webhooks.

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